{"id":8857,"date":"2016-07-05T20:38:54","date_gmt":"2016-07-05T18:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.optik-sport-shop.at\/?p=8857"},"modified":"2026-06-08T22:14:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T20:14:41","slug":"svetlo-v-oku-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/licht-im-auge\/","title":{"rendered":"Funkce oka - adaptace na sv\u011btlo a tmu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1116161809\">\n\t<div id=\"col-863555074\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2>Funkce adaptace na tmu a adaptace na sv\u011btlo nebo na s\u00edtnici v oku<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00edtnice na\u0161ich o\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1 dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy smyslov\u00fdch bun\u011bk nebo receptor\u016f, na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b\u00a0<strong>\u010d\u00edpky (pro denn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed)\u00a0<\/strong>a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b\u00a0<strong>ty\u010dinky (pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny fotoreceptory jsou stimulov\u00e1ny mno\u017estv\u00edm a spektrem z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. \u010c\u00edpky jsou aktivn\u00ed ve sv\u011btl\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a ve tm\u011b se automaticky vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed. A\u010dkoli nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 citliv\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od ty\u010dinek mohou.\u00a0<strong>Rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed barev<\/strong>. Existuj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>t\u0159i typy ku\u017eel\u016f<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ze t\u0159\u00ed ku\u017eel\u016f m\u00e1 jin\u00fd citliv\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah. Proto se rozli\u0161uje mezi\u00a0<strong>Senzory pro modrou, zeleno\u017elutou a \u010dervenou barvu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Vid\u011bn\u00ed v noci pomoc\u00ed dalekohledu<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>jsou ty\u010dinky\u00a0<\/strong>(p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 milion\u016f). Jsou velmi citliv\u00e9 na slab\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 podn\u011bty (ale nedok\u00e1\u017eou vn\u00edmat barvy a reaguj\u00ed pouze na rozd\u00edly v jasu a pohybu. Citlivost s\u00edtnice na sv\u011btlo a tmu je zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. Pokud v noci vyjdete z osv\u011btlen\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti ven, \u010d\u00edpky se postupn\u011b vypnou a aktivuj\u00ed se ty\u010dinky.<\/p>\n<p>Dokud\u00a0<strong>dos\u00e1hly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 citlivosti, trv\u00e1 a\u017e 45 minut.<\/strong>\u00a0- Toto adapta\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako \u201e<strong>Temn\u00e1 adaptace<\/strong>\u201c. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tohoto obdob\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 oblohy rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le slab\u0161\u00ed a slab\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy. Ji\u017e po 15 minut\u00e1ch se intenzita temn\u00e9 adaptace zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed 50 000kr\u00e1t. Pokud v tomto okam\u017eiku pou\u017eijete b\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, mus\u00edte se adaptovat znovu. Po za\u010d\u00e1tku adapta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se\u00a0<strong>S\u00edtnicov\u00e1 j\u00e1ma\u00a0<\/strong>ji\u017e nezaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 sn\u00edmky, je vypnuta. V tomto stavu je oko barvoslep\u00e9 a ostr\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l zrakov\u00e9 osy ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod,\u00a0<strong>pro\u010d nelze v noci zaost\u0159it \u0161patn\u011b se\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd dalekohled.<\/strong>. Tento probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu lovci dosud v\u011bnovali nedostate\u010dnou pozornost, lze vy\u0159e\u0161it tak, \u017ee dalekohled je\u0161t\u011b za sv\u011btla zaost\u0159\u00edte na o\u010dek\u00e1vanou hlavn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost st\u0159elby a toto nastaven\u00ed ozna\u010d\u00edte. Oko vid\u00ed ost\u0159e jen ve velmi mal\u00e9 oblasti. Tato oblast je mal\u00fd kruh na s\u00edtnici o pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 mm, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00fahlu vstupu paprsku skrz zornici pouh\u00e9 2\u00b0. P\u0159esn\u011b v t\u00e9to oblasti se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tzv. \u017elut\u00e9 skvrnky.<\/p>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>S\u00edtnicov\u00e1 jamka je prohlube\u0148 v s\u00edtnici,<\/strong>\u00a0kde se v jasn\u00e9m sv\u011btle nach\u00e1z\u00ed bod nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<strong>Hustota \u010d\u00edpk\u016f je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v s\u00edtnicov\u00e9 jamce.<\/strong>, Nejsou v n\u011bm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ty\u010de. Hustota \u010d\u00edpk\u016f se sm\u011brem k okraji s\u00edtnice sni\u017euje. Ty se pak m\u00eds\u00ed s\u00a0<strong>ty\u010dinky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00e1le na s\u00edtnici<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Z tohoto d\u016fvodu lze b\u011bhem dne vid\u011bt p\u0159edm\u011bty nejjasn\u011bji p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m pohledu, zat\u00edmco v noci je t\u0159eba n\u011bco p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout, aby bylo vid\u011bt ost\u0159e. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m pohledu je nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1l\u00e1 slza, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na denn\u00ed dob\u011b, pouze t\u011b\u017eko nebo v\u016fbec rozpoznateln\u00e1 a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se viditelnou a\u017e p\u0159i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m pohledu (pohyby o\u010d\u00ed sm\u011brem dovnit\u0159 i ven).\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2071915068\">\n\t<div id=\"col-821322151\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1126292095\">\n\t<div id=\"col-1627646895\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce columns-4\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2108134996\">\n\t<div id=\"col-1640474314\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:medium;\"><\/div>\n<a href=\"\/cs\/wiki\/\" class=\"button primary is-primary is-medium\" >\n\t\t<span>Zp\u011bt na wiki o optice<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[276],"class_list":["post-8857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki","tag-augenfunktion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29954,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions\/29954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}