{"id":8857,"date":"2016-07-05T20:38:54","date_gmt":"2016-07-05T18:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.optik-sport-shop.at\/?p=8857"},"modified":"2026-06-08T22:14:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T20:14:41","slug":"svetlo-v-oku-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/licht-im-auge\/","title":{"rendered":"Funkce oka - adaptace na sv\u011btlo a tmu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-51192824\">\n\t<div id=\"col-973025932\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2>Funkce adaptace na tmu a adaptace na sv\u011btlo nebo na s\u00edtnici v oku<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00edtnice na\u0161ich o\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1 dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy smyslov\u00fdch bun\u011bk nebo receptor\u016f, na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b\u00a0<strong>\u010d\u00edpky (pro denn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed)\u00a0<\/strong>a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b\u00a0<strong>ty\u010dinky (pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny fotoreceptory jsou stimulov\u00e1ny mno\u017estv\u00edm a spektrem z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. \u010c\u00edpky jsou aktivn\u00ed ve sv\u011btl\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a ve tm\u011b se automaticky vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed. A\u010dkoli nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 citliv\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od ty\u010dinek mohou.\u00a0<strong>Rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed barev<\/strong>. Existuj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>t\u0159i typy ku\u017eel\u016f<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ze t\u0159\u00ed ku\u017eel\u016f m\u00e1 jin\u00fd citliv\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00ed rozsah. Proto se rozli\u0161uje mezi\u00a0<strong>Senzory pro modrou, zeleno\u017elutou a \u010dervenou barvu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Vid\u011bn\u00ed v noci pomoc\u00ed dalekohledu<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>jsou ty\u010dinky\u00a0<\/strong>(p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 milion\u016f). Jsou velmi citliv\u00e9 na slab\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 podn\u011bty (ale nedok\u00e1\u017eou vn\u00edmat barvy a reaguj\u00ed pouze na rozd\u00edly v jasu a pohybu. Citlivost s\u00edtnice na sv\u011btlo a tmu je zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1. Pokud v noci vyjdete z osv\u011btlen\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti ven, \u010d\u00edpky se postupn\u011b vypnou a aktivuj\u00ed se ty\u010dinky.<\/p>\n<p>Dokud\u00a0<strong>dos\u00e1hly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 citlivosti, trv\u00e1 a\u017e 45 minut.<\/strong>\u00a0- Toto adapta\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako \u201e<strong>Temn\u00e1 adaptace<\/strong>\u201c. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tohoto obdob\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 oblohy rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le slab\u0161\u00ed a slab\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy. Ji\u017e po 15 minut\u00e1ch se intenzita temn\u00e9 adaptace zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed 50 000kr\u00e1t. Pokud v tomto okam\u017eiku pou\u017eijete b\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, mus\u00edte se adaptovat znovu. Po za\u010d\u00e1tku adapta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed se\u00a0<strong>S\u00edtnicov\u00e1 j\u00e1ma\u00a0<\/strong>ji\u017e nezaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 sn\u00edmky, je vypnuta. V tomto stavu je oko barvoslep\u00e9 a ostr\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l zrakov\u00e9 osy ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod,\u00a0<strong>pro\u010d nelze v noci zaost\u0159it \u0161patn\u011b se\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd dalekohled.<\/strong>. Tento probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu lovci dosud v\u011bnovali nedostate\u010dnou pozornost, lze vy\u0159e\u0161it tak, \u017ee dalekohled je\u0161t\u011b za sv\u011btla zaost\u0159\u00edte na o\u010dek\u00e1vanou hlavn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost st\u0159elby a toto nastaven\u00ed ozna\u010d\u00edte. Oko vid\u00ed ost\u0159e jen ve velmi mal\u00e9 oblasti. Tato oblast je mal\u00fd kruh na s\u00edtnici o pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 mm, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00fahlu vstupu paprsku skrz zornici pouh\u00e9 2\u00b0. P\u0159esn\u011b v t\u00e9to oblasti se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tzv. \u017elut\u00e9 skvrnky.<\/p>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>S\u00edtnicov\u00e1 jamka je prohlube\u0148 v s\u00edtnici,<\/strong>\u00a0kde se v jasn\u00e9m sv\u011btle nach\u00e1z\u00ed bod nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<strong>Hustota \u010d\u00edpk\u016f je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v s\u00edtnicov\u00e9 jamce.<\/strong>, Nejsou v n\u011bm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ty\u010de. Hustota \u010d\u00edpk\u016f se sm\u011brem k okraji s\u00edtnice sni\u017euje. Ty se pak m\u00eds\u00ed s\u00a0<strong>ty\u010dinky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00e1le na s\u00edtnici<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Aus diesem Grund kann man tags\u00fcber Gegenst\u00e4nde bei direktem Anschauen am sch\u00e4rfsten sehen, dagegen muss man nachts etwas an dem Gegenstand vorbeischauen um scharf zu sehen. So ist zum Beispiel eine bei D\u00e4mmerung anwechselnde Sau bei direktem Sehen nur schlecht oder gar nicht erkennbar und wird erst beim indirekten Sehen (hin- und herschweifen des Blickes) sichtbar.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1090553920\">\n\t<div id=\"col-623625049\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1062357210\">\n\t<div id=\"col-892639597\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce columns-4\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1109267711\">\n\t<div id=\"col-1626125264\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:medium;\"><\/div>\n<a href=\"\/cs\/wiki\/\" class=\"button primary is-primary is-medium\" >\n\t\t<span>Zp\u011bt na wiki o optice<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[276],"class_list":["post-8857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki","tag-augenfunktion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29954,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions\/29954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}