{"id":8857,"date":"2016-07-05T20:38:54","date_gmt":"2016-07-05T18:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.optik-sport-shop.at\/?p=8857"},"modified":"2026-06-08T22:14:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T20:14:41","slug":"lumina-in-ochi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/licht-im-auge\/","title":{"rendered":"Func\u021bia ochiului - adaptarea la lumin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentuneric"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-340890045\">\n\t<div id=\"col-1801206865\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2>Func\u021bia de adaptare la \u00eentuneric \u0219i de adaptare la lumin\u0103 a luminii sau pe retina din ochi<\/h2>\n<p>Retina ochilor no\u0219tri are dou\u0103 tipuri diferite de celule senzoriale sau receptori, pe de o parte\u00a0<strong>conurile (pentru vederea diurn\u0103)\u00a0<\/strong>iar pe de alt\u0103 parte\u00a0<strong>tijele (pentru vederea pe timp de noapte)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To\u021bi fotoreceptorii sunt stimula\u021bi de cantitatea \u0219i spectrul de radia\u021bii. Conurile sunt active \u00een medii luminoase \u0219i se opresc automat \u00een \u00eentuneric. De\u0219i nu sunt foarte sensibile, spre deosebire de bastona\u0219e, ele pot\u00a0<strong>Recunoa\u0219terea culorilor<\/strong>. Exist\u0103\u00a0<strong>trei tipuri de conuri<\/strong>. Fiecare dintre cele trei conuri are o gam\u0103 diferit\u0103 de frecven\u021be sensibile. Prin urmare, se face o distinc\u021bie \u00eentre\u00a0<strong>Senzori pentru albastru, verde-galben \u0219i ro\u0219u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Vederea pe timp de noapte cu binoclul<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pentru vederea pe timp de noapte<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>sunt be\u021bele\u00a0<\/strong>(aproximativ 120 de milioane). Acestea sunt foarte sensibile la stimuli lumino\u0219i slabi (dar nu pot percepe culorile \u0219i reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar la diferen\u021bele de luminozitate \u0219i la mi\u0219care). Sensibilitatea retinei la lumin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentuneric este considerabil crescut\u0103. Dac\u0103 ie\u0219i\u021bi noaptea dintr-o camer\u0103 luminat\u0103, conurile se opresc treptat, iar bastona\u0219ele devin active.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 la\u00a0<strong>tijele au atins cea mai mare sensibilitate posibil\u0103, este nevoie de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 45 de minute<\/strong>\u00a0- Aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 de adaptare este denumit\u0103 \u0219i \u201e<strong>Adaptare \u00eentunecat\u0103<\/strong>\u201c. Pe parcursul acestei perioade, observatorii cerului recunosc stele din ce \u00een ce mai slabe. Dup\u0103 doar 15 minute, intensitatea adapt\u0103rii la \u00eentuneric a crescut de 50.000 de ori. Dac\u0103 folosi\u021bi lumin\u0103 alb\u0103 \u00een acest moment, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 adapta\u021bi din nou. Dup\u0103 \u00eenceperea perioadei de adaptare\u00a0<strong>Groap\u0103 retinian\u0103\u00a0<\/strong>nu mai \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 imagini, acesta este oprit. \u00cen aceast\u0103 stare, ochiul este daltonist, iar vederea clar\u0103 de-a lungul axei vizuale nu mai este posibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Acesta este \u0219i motivul,\u00a0<strong>de ce un telescop nealiniat nu mai poate fi focalizat noaptea<\/strong>. Dieses Problem, welches bisher von J\u00e4gern nur ungen\u00fcgend beachtet wurde, l\u00e4sst sich beheben, indem man noch in der Helligkeit das Fernglas auf die zu erwartende Hauptschussentfernung scharfstellt und diese Einstellung markiert. Das Auge sieht nur in einem sehr kleinen Bereich scharf. Dieser Bereich ist ein kleiner Kreis auf der Netzhaut von ca. 2mm Durchmesser, der einem Strahleneingangswinkel durch die Pupille von nur 2\u00b0 entspricht. Genau in diesem Bereich befindet sich die Sehgrube.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>Groapa retinian\u0103 este o depresiune \u00een retin\u0103,<\/strong>\u00a0unde se afl\u0103 punctul de vedere cel mai ascu\u021bit \u00een lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103.\u00a0<strong>Densitatea conurilor este mai mare \u00een groapa retinian\u0103<\/strong>, Nu exist\u0103 bastona\u0219e \u00een ea. Densitatea conurilor scade spre marginea retinei. Acestea se amestec\u0103 apoi cu\u00a0<strong>bastona\u0219e situate mai departe pe retin\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Aus diesem Grund kann man tags\u00fcber Gegenst\u00e4nde bei direktem Anschauen am sch\u00e4rfsten sehen, dagegen muss man nachts etwas an dem Gegenstand vorbeischauen um scharf zu sehen. So ist zum Beispiel eine bei D\u00e4mmerung anwechselnde Sau bei direktem Sehen nur schlecht oder gar nicht erkennbar und wird erst beim indirekten Sehen (hin- und herschweifen des Blickes) sichtbar.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1065283314\">\n\t<div id=\"col-1514328284\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" ><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2126733028\">\n\t<div id=\"col-172105068\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce columns-4\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1178723449\">\n\t<div id=\"col-553627637\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"is-divider divider clearfix\" style=\"max-width:medium;\"><\/div>\n<a href=\"\/ro\/wiki\/\" class=\"button primary is-primary is-medium\" >\n\t\t<span>\u00cenapoi la wiki optic\u0103<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[276],"class_list":["post-8857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki","tag-augenfunktion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29954,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions\/29954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ddoptics.shop\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}